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Marjorie Greenfield, M.D.


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See all questions answered by Dr. Greenfield
Marjorie Greenfield, M.D.
Director of Obstetrics and Gynecology

ARTICLES WRITTEN BY DR. GREENFIELD
Back and Body Symptoms in Pregnancy
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in Pregnancy

Leg Cramps in Pregnancy

Low Back Pain in Pregnancy

Pregnancy Exercises for Your Back

Round Ligament Pain in Pregnancy

Sciatica During Pregnancy

Shortness of Breath During Pregnancy

Weight Gain during Pregnancy

Why Pregnancy Causes Swollen Feet

Losing Weight after Giving Birth - 03/29/01

Varicose Veins: An Unwelcomed Effect of Pregnancy - 03/16/01

Bleeding Gums: A Common Nuisance of Pregnancy - 03/06/01

Lightheadedness in Pregnancy - 03/02/01

Safe Lifting in Pregnancy - 02/28/01

Beauty and Self Care in Pregnancy
Beauty Treatments During Pregnancy

Is it Safe? Health and Beauty Treatments - 04/09/03

Suntanning in Pregnancy - 02/28/01

Birth Control
The Birth Control Patch - 12/06/01

Treating Teen Menstrual Problems with the Pill - 09/17/01

Myths and Realities about Giving the Pill to Preteens, Teens - 08/31/01

Birth Control Methods: A List of Available Options - 06/11/01

Four Types of Emergency Contraception - 05/25/01

How to Prevent Pregnancy after Having Unprotected Sex - 05/25/01

Postpartum Birth Control Options - 05/25/01

Menstrual Cycle Basics - 05/16/01

Getting off Birth Control Pills - 05/03/01

IUDs: Copper vs. Hormonal - 04/19/01

Practical Tips for Taking the Pill - 04/19/01

The Oft-Ignored IUD as Birth Control - 04/19/01

The Mini-Pill: Progestin-Only Oral Contraceptives - 04/10/01

Tubal Ligation - 04/10/01

Barriers and Spermicides for Birth Control - 04/02/01

Birth Control Pills: They've Come a Long Way, Baby - 04/02/01

Birth Control: An Overview - 03/30/01

Depo-Provera and Other Long-Acting Progestin Contraceptives - 03/30/01

Myths and Truths about Birth Control Pills - 03/30/01

Rhythm and Other Abstinence Methods - 03/30/01

Side Effects of the Birth Control Pill - 03/30/01

The Events of Ovulation - 03/16/01

Birth Defects
Screening for Tay-Sachs Disease - 11/12/01

Screening for Cystic Fibrosis in Pregnancy - 10/03/01

Birth Procedures
Cesarean Birth

Cesarean Section: Why?

Delivery of the Placenta

Episiotomy

Pitocin: Friend or Foe?

The Apgar Score

Your Newborn in the Delivery Room

Assisted Rupture of the Amniotic Sac (Amniotomy) - 11/27/01

Examination during Labor - 11/08/01

Emergency Birth Procedures - 11/06/01

Delivering a Breech Baby - 03/22/01

You Are a Key Participant in Your Care - 03/16/01

Breech Babies
Breech Babies - 03/22/01

Delivering a Breech Baby - 03/22/01

Turning a Breech Baby: External Cephalic Version - 03/22/01

Cesarean
Cesarean Birth

Cesarean Section: Why?

Chances for a Successful VBAC

Recovering from Cesarean Section

Risks and Benefits of VBAC

Vaginal Birth after a Cesarean Delivery

Childbirth Preparation
Childbirth Classes

Childbirth Settings: Choosing Where to Have Your Baby

Choosing a Practice for Your Pregnancy Care

Methods of Prepared Childbirth

Natural Childbirth versus Epidural

Practitioners Involved with Childbirth

Preparing for Natural Childbirth

Emergency Birth Procedures - 11/06/01

Preparation for Rapid Labor - 11/06/01

Five Steps to an Effective Birth Plan - 04/29/03

Your Birth Preferences - 04/29/03

You Are a Key Participant in Your Care - 03/16/01

Packing Checklist for Labor and Delivery - 03/08/01

Packing Checklist for Postpartum - 03/08/01

Easing Labor Pain without Medication - 03/02/01

Using Medication to Provide Comfort in Labor - 03/02/01

Circumcision
Circumcision: An Overview

Anesthesia for Circumcision - 04/09/03

The Circumcision Decision - 04/09/03

Dad's Sex and Relationships
Sex After Giving Birth

Sex in the First Trimester - 03/22/01

Sex in the Second Trimester - 03/22/01

Sex in the Third Trimester - 03/22/01

Dental Care During Pregnancy
Bleeding Gums: A Common Nuisance of Pregnancy - 03/06/01

Caring for Your Teeth: Guidelines for Pregnant Women - 03/06/01

Dental Procedures for Expectant Moms - 03/06/01

Dental Medications: Which Are Safe in Pregnancy? - 03/02/01

Diabetes and Pregnancy
Routine Glucose Screening in Pregnancy

What Ultrasound Can Show You During Pregnancy

Your Newborn in the Delivery Room

Complications of Gestational Diabetes - 11/27/01

Gestational Diabetes - 11/27/01

Fetal Assessment in the Third Trimester - 04/09/01

Due Date Issues
Estimating Your Due Date

Ectopic Pregnancy
Bleeding in the First Trimester

When an Early Ultrasound Doesn't Show the Embryo - 07/19/01

Emotions During Pregnancy
The Emotional Stages of Labor

Stress Management in Pregnancy - 09/19/01

Stress and Pregnancy: What Are the Effects? - 09/19/01

The Baby Blues - 03/29/01

Epidural
Natural Childbirth versus Epidural

Using Medication to Provide Comfort in Labor - 03/02/01

Episiotomy
Episiotomy

Preventing Episiotomy

Recovery from Episiotomy or Laceration - 03/29/01

Events of Birth
Cesarean Birth

Delivery of the Placenta

Methods of Prepared Childbirth

Natural Childbirth versus Epidural

The Birth of Your Baby

Emergency Birth Procedures - 11/06/01

Preparation for Rapid Labor - 11/06/01

Engagement: What It Means When the Baby Drops - 09/26/01

Five Steps to an Effective Birth Plan - 04/29/03

Events of Labor
Back Pain In Labor

Fatigue During Labor

Methods of Prepared Childbirth

Phases of Labor

The Emotional Stages of Labor

True vs. False Labor

Assisted Rupture of the Amniotic Sac (Amniotomy) - 11/27/01

Examination during Labor - 11/08/01

Preparation for Rapid Labor - 11/06/01

Engagement: What It Means When the Baby Drops - 09/26/01

How Will I Know When My Water Breaks? - 08/29/01

The Mucus Plug - 07/06/01

Five Steps to an Effective Birth Plan - 04/29/03

Natural Ways to Induce Labor - 03/29/01

The Birthing Ball in Labor - 03/29/01

Easing Labor Pain without Medication - 03/02/01

Using Medication to Provide Comfort in Labor - 03/02/01

Fetal Monitoring in Labor - 02/07/02

Internal Contraction Monitoring - 02/07/02

Internal Fetal Heart-Rate Monitoring - 02/07/02

Low-Tech Fetal Monitoring in Labor - 02/07/02

Fatigue During Pregnancy
Fatigue During Labor

Fatigue in Pregnancy

Fatigue in the First Trimester

Fatigue in the Third Trimester

Shortness of Breath During Pregnancy

Sleep Problems in Pregnancy

Postpartum Fatigue - 03/16/01

Fetal Assessment
Amniocentesis for Second Trimester Diagnosis

The Apgar Score

The Triple Check Decision

Triple Check Testing in Pregnancy

What Ultrasound Can Show You During Pregnancy

Your Newborn in the Delivery Room

Fetal Assessment in the Third Trimester - 04/09/01

Non-stress Testing - 04/09/01

The Biophysical Profile - 04/09/01

Contraction Stress Test - 03/29/01

Charting Your Kick Counts - 03/16/01

Fetal Movement Counts - 03/16/01

Fetal Monitoring in Labor - 02/07/02

Internal Contraction Monitoring - 02/07/02

Internal Fetal Heart-Rate Monitoring - 02/07/02

Low-Tech Fetal Monitoring in Labor - 02/07/02

Fetal Development
Folate Supplements Before and During Pregnancy

Weight Gain during Pregnancy

Fetal Lengths and Weights at Different Gestations - 10/30/01

Twins: Fetal Lengths and Weights at Different Gestations - 10/29/01

Folate and Pregnancy: New Report Shows that Women Still Aren't Getting the Word - 09/05/01

Smoking and Pregnancy - 07/03/01

Boy or Girl? The Development of the Fetal Genitals - 03/22/01

Hearing the Fetal Heartbeat - 01/17/02

GI Symptoms in Pregnancy
Constipation in Pregnancy

Heartburn and Indigestion in Pregnancy

Hemorrhoids During and After Pregnancy

Morning Sickness in Pregnancy

Genetic Testing in Pregnancy
Amniocentesis for Second Trimester Diagnosis

The Triple Check Decision

Triple Check Testing in Pregnancy

Screening for Tay-Sachs Disease - 11/12/01

Screening for Cystic Fibrosis in Pregnancy - 10/03/01

Genital Issues
Circumcision: An Overview

Principles of Prevention and Treatment of Vulvovaginitis in Children

Vaginal Itching and Irritation

Ovarian Cysts in Teens and Preteens - 11/06/01

Preventing Yeast Infections - 10/30/01

Menstrual Periods in Tweens and Young Teens - 08/28/01

Teaching Your Teen about Feminine Hygiene Products - 08/28/01

Gynecological Exams for Girls: When and Why - 08/22/01

What Teens Can Expect during a Pelvic Exam - 08/22/01

Causes of Vaginal Bleeding in Childhood - 08/10/01

Vaginal Bleeding in Infants and Young Girls - 08/10/01

Labial Adhesions - 06/29/01

Vaginal Discharge in Young Girls - 06/29/01

Vulvar Care - 06/25/01

Anesthesia for Circumcision - 04/09/03

The Circumcision Decision - 04/09/03

Getting Pregnant
Childbearing at Older Ages: Getting Pregnant

Folate Supplements Before and During Pregnancy

The Fertility Work-Up - 12/04/01

HCG Levels: What They Mean - 10/26/01

Folate and Pregnancy: New Report Shows that Women Still Aren't Getting the Word - 09/05/01

Keeping a Menstrual Calendar - 08/17/01

Charting Your Basal Body Temperature - 07/20/01

Your Basal Body Temperature - 07/19/01

Ten Things to Know before Becoming Pregnant - 07/18/02

Menstrual Cycle Basics - 05/16/01

Getting off Birth Control Pills - 05/03/01

Before You Are Pregnant: The Pre-Conception Visit - 03/29/01

Home Pregnancy Tests - 03/22/01

Ovulation Detection Kits - 03/16/01

The Events of Ovulation - 03/16/01

Trying to Conceive: Myths and Truths - 03/16/01

The Events of Conception - 02/14/01

Gynecology
Ovarian Cysts in Teens and Preteens - 11/06/01

Colposcopy - 09/17/01

The Pap Test - 09/17/01

The Progestin Challenge - 09/17/01

Treating Teen Menstrual Problems with the Pill - 09/17/01

Myths and Realities about Giving the Pill to Preteens, Teens - 08/31/01

Gynecological Exams for Girls: When and Why - 08/22/01

Gynecological Exams for Women - 08/22/01

What Teens Can Expect during a Pelvic Exam - 08/22/01

Health Promotion
Preventing Herpes Infections in Newborns - 08/13/01

Healthy Eating during Pregnancy
Folate Supplements Before and During Pregnancy

Foods to Avoid in Pregnancy

Principles of Healthy Eating During Pregnancy

Weight Gain during Pregnancy

Holiday Parties during Pregnancy - 11/27/01

Folate and Pregnancy: New Report Shows that Women Still Aren't Getting the Word - 09/05/01

Is it Safe? Foods and Beverages - 04/09/03

Losing Weight after Giving Birth - 03/29/01

Calcium Supplementation in Pregnancy - 02/25/02

Prenatal Vitamins - 02/25/02

High Blood Pressure in Pregnancy
Bed Rest in Pregnancy

Dealing With Bedrest During Pregnancy

Illness in Pregnancy
Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) and Pregnancy - 08/07/01

Allergies in Pregnancy - 07/18/01

Coughs and Colds in Pregnancy - 07/18/01

Headaches in Pregnancy - 07/06/01

Prevention and Treatment of Headache in Pregnancy - 07/06/01

Commonly Used Antibiotics in Pregnancy - 04/03/01

Induction of Labor
Pitocin-Does It Increase Labor Pain?

Pitocin: Friend or Foe?

Common Medical Indications for Induction of Labor - 03/29/01

Natural Ways to Induce Labor - 03/29/01

Infections in Pregnancy
Group B Strep in Pregnancy

Herpes and Pregnancy - 08/13/01

Preventing Herpes Infections in Newborns - 08/13/01

Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) and Pregnancy - 08/07/01

Coughs and Colds in Pregnancy - 07/18/01

Vaginal Infections during Pregnancy - 07/18/01

Chickenpox and Pregnancy - 04/16/02

Effects of Chickenpox on Pregnant Women and Fetuses - 04/16/02

Commonly Used Antibiotics in Pregnancy - 04/03/01

Infertility
Childbearing at Older Ages: Getting Pregnant

Folate Supplements Before and During Pregnancy

Gonorrhea and Chlamydia - 12/06/01

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) - 12/06/01

Fertility Drugs - 12/04/01

The Fertility Work-Up - 12/04/01

Is Infertility Becoming More Common? - 11/16/01

What Is Infertility? - 11/16/01

Assisted Reproduction - 08/22/01

Charting Your Basal Body Temperature - 07/20/01

Your Basal Body Temperature - 07/19/01

Before You Are Pregnant: The Pre-Conception Visit - 03/29/01

Ovulation Detection Kits - 03/16/01

The Events of Ovulation - 03/16/01

Trying to Conceive: Myths and Truths - 03/16/01

The Events of Conception - 02/14/01

Media Watch
Folate and Pregnancy: New Report Shows that Women Still Aren't Getting the Word - 09/05/01

Medications in Pregnancy
Folate Supplements Before and During Pregnancy

Pitocin: Friend or Foe?

Rh Negative

Folate and Pregnancy: New Report Shows that Women Still Aren't Getting the Word - 09/05/01

Prevention and Treatment of Headache in Pregnancy - 07/06/01

Medications in Pregnancy: General Principles - 04/09/01

Commonly Used Antibiotics in Pregnancy - 04/03/01

Dental Medications: Which Are Safe in Pregnancy? - 03/02/01

Using Medication to Provide Comfort in Labor - 03/02/01

Prenatal Vitamins - 02/25/02

Menstrual Issues
Medical Risks of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) - 12/04/01

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) - 12/04/01

Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome - 10/22/01

Absence of the Uterus (Vaginal Agenesis) - 10/09/01

Absence of Menstrual Periods - 09/17/01

Colposcopy - 09/17/01

Hormonal Causes of Absent Periods: Low Estrogen Levels - 09/17/01

The Pap Test - 09/17/01

The Progestin Challenge - 09/17/01

Treating Teen Menstrual Problems with the Pill - 09/17/01

Treatments for Menstrual Cramps - 08/28/01

Gynecological Exams for Women - 08/22/01

Keeping a Menstrual Calendar - 08/17/01

Menstrual Cramps - 08/13/01

Menstrual Cycle Basics - 05/16/01

The Events of Ovulation - 03/16/01

Menstruation
Medical Risks of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) - 12/04/01

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) - 12/04/01

Ovarian Cysts in Teens and Preteens - 11/06/01

Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome - 10/22/01

Absence of the Uterus (Vaginal Agenesis) - 10/09/01

Anatomical Causes of Absent Periods - 10/09/01

Absence of Menstrual Periods - 09/17/01

Colposcopy - 09/17/01

Hormonal Causes of Absent Periods: Low Estrogen Levels - 09/17/01

The Pap Test - 09/17/01

The Progestin Challenge - 09/17/01

Treating Teen Menstrual Problems with the Pill - 09/17/01

Myths and Realities about Giving the Pill to Preteens, Teens - 08/31/01

Menstrual Periods in Tweens and Young Teens - 08/28/01

Teaching Your Teen about Feminine Hygiene Products - 08/28/01

Treatments for Menstrual Cramps - 08/28/01

Gynecological Exams for Girls: When and Why - 08/22/01

What Teens Can Expect during a Pelvic Exam - 08/22/01

Keeping a Menstrual Calendar - 08/17/01

Menstrual Cramps - 08/13/01

Menstrual Cycle Basics - 05/16/01

Miscarriage
Bleeding in the First Trimester

Dilation and Curettage to Complete Miscarriage

First Trimester Miscarriage

Recovery After Miscarriage

HCG Levels: What They Mean - 10/26/01

When an Early Ultrasound Doesn't Show the Embryo - 07/19/01

Moms-to-Be Testing
Amniocentesis for Second Trimester Diagnosis

Group B Strep in Pregnancy

Rh Negative

Routine Glucose Screening in Pregnancy

The Triple Check Decision

Triple Check Testing in Pregnancy

Ultrasound in Pregnancy: An Overview

HCG Levels: What They Mean - 10/26/01

Screening for Cystic Fibrosis in Pregnancy - 10/03/01

The First Prenatal Visit - 07/09/01

Non-stress Testing - 04/09/01

Contraction Stress Test - 03/29/01

Home Pregnancy Tests - 03/22/01

Multiple Pregnancy
Weight Gain during Pregnancy

What Ultrasound Can Show You During Pregnancy

Twins: Fetal Lengths and Weights at Different Gestations - 10/29/01

Breech Babies - 03/22/01

Newborn Care
Circumcision: An Overview

Anesthesia for Circumcision - 04/09/03

The Circumcision Decision - 04/09/03

Newborn Tests and Procedures
Circumcision: An Overview

Your Newborn in the Delivery Room

Anesthesia for Circumcision - 04/09/03

The Circumcision Decision - 04/09/03

Newborns: Problems
Preventing Herpes Infections in Newborns - 08/13/01

Older Moms-to-Be
Amniocentesis for Second Trimester Diagnosis

Childbearing at Older Ages: Considerations Once You are Pregnant

Childbearing at Older Ages: Getting Pregnant

Other Pregnancy Complications
Childbearing at Older Ages: Considerations Once You are Pregnant

Rh Negative

Uterine Rupture - 07/09/01

Corpus Luteum Cyst of Pregnancy - 03/29/01

Overview: Mom's General Pregnancy Experiences
First Trimester Experiences

Second Trimester Experiences

Third Trimester Experiences

Your Body Postpartum - 05/16/01

Is it Normal? The First Trimester Weeks 0-13 - 04/10/03

Is it Normal? The Second Trimester Weeks 14-26 - 04/10/03

Is it Normal? Third Trimester Weeks 27-42 - 04/10/03

Is it Safe? Your Workplace - 04/09/03

Placenta, Cord and Amniotic Fluid
Delivery of the Placenta

How Will I Know When My Water Breaks? - 08/29/01

Post-Date Pregnancy
Estimating Your Due Date

Non-stress Testing - 04/09/01

Common Medical Indications for Induction of Labor - 03/29/01

Natural Ways to Induce Labor - 03/29/01

Pregnancy Care
Childbearing at Older Ages: Considerations Once You are Pregnant

Choosing a Practice for Your Pregnancy Care

Estimating Your Due Date

Practitioners Involved with Childbirth

The First Prenatal Visit - 07/09/01

Getting Good Prenatal Care - 06/01/01

The Postpartum Visit - 06/01/01

Before You Are Pregnant: The Pre-Conception Visit - 03/29/01

You Are a Key Participant in Your Care - 03/16/01

Hearing the Fetal Heartbeat - 01/17/02

Pregnancy-Related Bleeding
Bed Rest in Pregnancy

Bleeding in the First Trimester

Dealing With Bedrest During Pregnancy

Rh Negative

Getting a 'Period' While Pregnant - 07/25/01