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| |    Official Definitions of a Learning Disability and the Assessment Process by Robert Needlman, M.D., F.A.A.P. reviewed by Robert Needlman, M.D., F.A.A.P. The real definition of a learning disability is any one of a large number of problems taking in, processing, or putting out information that blocks a child's ability to succeed in school. (see LD, defined). Most states have written their official school policies using a simpler definition of LD. Generally, a child has LD when there is a large gap between his general intelligence (defined by a standard IQ test) and his academic achievement (defined by a standard academic achievement test). How large this gap has to be varies from state to state: Some use 30 points (two "standard deviations," where a standard deviation typically means 15 points on a standardized IQ test); some use 20 or 25 points. For example, if a child's IQ score is 100 (which is the average score on most standardized IQ tests) and his achievement test score for reading is 70, he meets the "2 standard deviations" rule, and qualifies for special education services. If that child's IQ score were 95 (still well within the normal range), he would qualify in some states but not in others. If his IQ score were 69, he probably wouldn't qualify for LD services, but would qualify for special education on the basis of "cognitive impairment." The assessment process While a lot of weight is placed on the results of the IQ and achievement tests, the special-education laws require schools to make a more complete assessment of each child who is referred because of school learning problems. This assessment should include information from the psychologist, the child's homeroom teacher and any special subject teachers, other involved school staff (such as the speech and language pathologist) including at least one administrator, and--most importantly--the parent(s). Where relevant, the assessment should also include input from child's doctor and other helping professionals. The assessment has to cover academic, medical, social, and emotional aspects. Some states call this a multifactored evaluation (MFE), others call it a team assessment. The results of the team assessment are put together into a comprehensive report. As the parent, you have the right to a copy of this report and to ask questions about any parts of it that may be confusing to you. Next: The Individualized Education Plan: What it is, and your role in it
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